{"id":15311,"date":"2020-06-09T09:29:41","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T07:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/?p=15311"},"modified":"2020-06-12T09:45:10","modified_gmt":"2020-06-12T07:45:10","slug":"sbm-new-lightning-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/index.php\/2020\/06\/09\/sbm-new-lightning-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"SBM – New lightning protection"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

INTEGRATION OF A NEW LIGHTNING SURGE PROTECTION BASED ON SILICON CARBIDE CURRENT LIMITER IN AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ABSTRACT<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This document describes the surge\nblocking module, a new lightning component based on SiC material for current\nlimitation. This component is dedicated for high power lightning threats. The purpose\nof this paper is to study firstly the performances of the surge blocking module\nas a current limiter against lightning strikes at a mock up level, then\nintegrate it to real aircraft equipment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords: <\/em>Lightning\nIndirect Effect, Surge Blocking Module, Current limiter, Aircraft Equipment<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ACRONYMS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\/C      :\nAircraft<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BCI       :\nBulk Current Injection<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CFRP   : Carbon\nFiber Reinforced Plastic<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CS       :\nConducted Susceptibility<\/p>\n\n\n\n

JFET    :\nJunction Field Effect Transistor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LIE       :\nLightning Indirect Effect<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PCB     :\nPrinted Circuit Board<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PRIM    :\nPRIMary computer <\/p>\n\n\n\n

PTC      : Pin\nTo Case<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SBM     : Surge\nBlocking Module <\/p>\n\n\n\n

TVS      :\nTransient Voltage Suppressor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

INTRODUCTION <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In aeronautics, lightning is one of the most severe threats to avionics components. The current levels generated by the lightning event can range up to several tens of kA and can cause damage to the aircraft structure and potentially disturb the normal operation of electronic equipment. In fact, during a lightning strike, the aircraft structure does not act like a Faraday cage; the electrical energy is coupled to the electronic equipment through the different coupling mechanisms (resistive, capacitive, magnetic effect). This last consequence is referred as Lightning Indirect Effect (LIE), whose constraints are well managed in metallic aircrafts (A\/C). However, a more energetic induced waveform must be taken into account for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) fuselage. As could be seen in Figure 1 and Table 1, the CFRP impact on LIE results most of the time in the exposure to a long current wave form WF4 and a much longer and more energetic current waveform WF5A form because of the low conductivity of CFRP material. Thus, the electronic equipment must be designed with specific LIE protection devices to sustain potentially higher energy threats <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

This paper proposes a new concept of LIE protection integration into aircraft equipment, based on a current limiter to manage higher energies with optimization of equipment weight. The chapter II presents an overview on the existing LIE protection method which introduces the new concept of the Surge Blocking Module (SBM) presented in the chapter III. Finally, the chapter IV describes the measurement results of the integration of the SBM in aircraft equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OVERVIEW ON LIE PROTECTION METHODS<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The common protection known\nas Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) is based on Tranzorb technology. If both\nsides of a circuit are protected with TVS, this solution induces high current\ninto the bundle loops with the additional risk of coupling between wires. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To manage the long waveform\nin the new CFRP fuselage the TVS method could be applied but the protection\ndevice for WF5A will require four times more surface on the printed circuit\nboard than the WF4. At A\/C level, the equipment protection is a compromise\nbetween installation and equipment robustness. The weight impact is critical. As\nseen in Figure 2, for a power dissipation of 27kW we either need a through-hole\ndevice for LIE protection or five Surface Mount Device (SMD) packages, or a\nhigh power Plastic Large Area Device (PLAD), several other solutions exist but\ndo not compromise with the surface saving.\n\nFor a weight and volume optimization, the new\nconcept proposed as Surge Blocking Module (SBM) consists in increasing the loop\nimpedance. In this case the current stays limited and the dissipated power is\nlow, it can also add a protection against short circuit propagation through the\nequipment. The last two components shown in Figure 2 are a SBM and TVS; it will\nbe shown later that by combining these two small components, the constraints of\nthe high LIE energies can be managed. \n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

SURGE BLOCKING MODULE (SBM)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Concept of the SBM<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In order to reduce the energy\ndissipated on the board, the SBM has been developed. Its principle consists in\nthe insertion of a current limiter into the loop composed of a wire and two TVS\nas seen in Figure 3. In surge stress operation, the TVS device conducts surge\ncurrent when the surge voltage exceeds the TVS standoff voltage. The in-series\nSBM limits the surge current to a few 10A, thus allowing use of small, low\npower, TVS diodes to provide the voltage clamp protection. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\nstudy on surface and volume based on flight computer protection to compare two\nsolutions shows that SBM protection saves 20% of the surface area at the\nequipment level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Thus, the current limiter\ndesignated as the SBM is a high voltage bidirectional current limiting element\nimplemented using a normally ON N-channel Silicon Carbide JFET technology. The\nschematic of the new approach is shown in Figure 4. In normal operation, the\nSBM acts as a low value series resistor (< 1.7\u03a9 for JFETs) and is designed\nto operate at currents up to \u00b10.45A. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lastly, in\naddition to limiting the current, the SBM integrates a fuse. This fuse element\nprovides \u201cFail Safe\u201d operation during faults such as inadvertent application of\naircraft power. The fuse element is designed to remain intact for the specified\nlightning surges. However sustained faults, such as the application of aircraft\npower (115VAC), induce sufficient current to open the fuse and block the propagation\nof the current. The fuse controlled\n\u201climited let-through energy\u201d prevents damage to the Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)\nand aircraft wiring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

SBM characterization<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

SBM characterization at mockup level<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In\norder to evaluate the performances of the new SBM (ref. DEI1604) combined with\na small TVS (ref. SMBJ48CA), several LIE and conducted susceptibility (CS) have\nbeen conducted in (1) according to DO160 standard and Airbus directive ABD100.\nFigure 5 presents the schematic of the test bench for several loads value on a\nspecific designed mock-up. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In order to limit the amount of measurements, two values of purely resistive loads have been chosen; 100\u03a9 and 10 k\u03a9. The following Table 2 summarizes the tested level for the Pin-To-Case (PTC) measurements injected as 10 consecutive pulses and with a negative and positive polarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Moreover, conducted susceptibility measurements have been held, according to the DO160E standard (4) to assess the SBM immunity to current injection. The test setup is shown in Figure 6. As described in the DO160 standard, the Bulk Current Injection (BCI) measurements are performed between 100 KHz \u2013 400 MHz for CW and AM (90%). The injected current is set to 75 mA with a current limitation up to 250 mA. The test bench is composed of a SBM, a TVS (SMBJ43CA) and the protected interface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The next paragraph will show the experimental results of PTC and BCI measurements at mockup level before the presentation of the SBM integration into A\/C equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SBM characterization results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pin-To-Case measurements results<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The\nlightning damage results shown in Figure 7 to Figure 10 show that the SBM has\nfulfilled its function of current limiter and the TVS limited the voltage\nacross the load. In the different figure Ve is the injected voltage, Vs is the\noutput voltage and I is the limited current in the loop as shown in Figure 5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The\nresults of the different waveforms have demonstrated that the SBM limits the\nmaximum current to less than 13 A and the TVS limits the voltage to less than\n57 V which reduce intensively the energy in the loop. The measurements with a\n10 k\u03a9 load have led to the same conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Conducted susceptibility results<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In\norder to assess the immunity performances of the SBM prior to its integration\nin A\/C equipment, the response of the current limiter device is evaluated\nthrough BCI measurement following the test setup presented in III-B-1. The same\nmeasurement is performed on a TVS as it is a common solution for LIE protection\nand will be considered as reference level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The following Figure 11 shows\nthe BCI measurements results in CW (top) and AM (bottom). The measurement level\non the SBM is very similar to the reference level obtained in the TVS. These\nresults demonstrate that the SBM should not modify the susceptibility level of equipment.\nHowever, since the measurements on a fixed load are not representative of real\nA\/C equipment, susceptibility measurement will be performed after the\nintegration of the SBM in A\/C equipment. The results are not shown in this paper;\na special focus will be given to LIE measurement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

SBM INTEGRATION IN A\/C EQUIPMENT<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Presentation of the test setup<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The\nverification of the SBM technology on a real flight control computer was\ncarried out. The lightning protection system was replaced by the SBM for some\ninterfaces and compared to the TVS protection system. In order to assess the\nconformity of the SBM integration, this section presents the first experimental\nsetup and results for lightning induced transient susceptibility as described\nin section 22 of the DO160E standard (3). Figure 12 presents the test setup of\ncable bundle injection. It is composed of A\/C equipment (Primary Computer\n(PRIM)) monitored by a test bench and the assembly of lightning generator and a\ntore for injection on each bundle. The equipment power supply is connected to a\nLine Impedance Serial Network (LISN) and all the ground connections are strapped\nto the copper ground plane. The tests are performed for the WF3 up to 1500V\/60A\n(1MHz and 10MHz) and for WF5A the level 500V\/500A and up to 2000V\/20A. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Figure 13 presents the test setup for the damage to pin injection test. It is composed of A\/C equipment (Primary Computer (PRIM)), the injection clamp connected to the lightning generator and the measurement current probe. During this test only the WF5A (500V\/500A) has been tested since it is the most energetic wave form as described in the introduction. Although, the SBM is more vulnerable to voltage than current because it by definition it avoids circulation of the current, this WF5A level has been chosen to assess the limitation performances of the SBM. All the tests have been performed on A\/C equipment with TVS protections and a second one with SBM protection. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Presentation of LIE measurement results<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Figure\n14 shows the injected voltage and current in cable bundle test for WF3 1MHz\n1500V\/60A. Since the equipment was monitored, no error has been recorded and no\nsusceptibility is signaled. The same test was performed for the other injection\nlevels and wave forms and no susceptibility appears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The comparison results of the pin to case tests are presented in Figure 15. It shows that for a 500V\/500A injection on a single pin, the SBM is limiting the current to less than 12 A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

CONCLUSION<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

A new device based on the surge blocking technology has been presented. The main objective of the integration of this component is enhancing the performance of LIE protection on printed circuit boards by limiting the energy. As a design optimization this solution can be used without taking into account A\/C zoning. Moreover, the weight and surface saving at the equipment level with this kind of protection can be close to 20%. As could be seen in this paper, it was demonstrated that the SBM associated with a small TVS can protect I\/Os against very high current strikes. LIE measurements have shown that the current stays below 12 A, and BCI measurements are conclusive since the integration of this device should not add any susceptibility into A\/C equipment. As a perspective of this work, we work on the improvement of the SBM performance by increasing the current rating and reducing Ron<\/sub> in order to protect the power lines. Moreover, the current SBM can operate up to \u00b10.45A on normal operating conditions, thus, it can be improved to handle higher operating current and sustain higher LIE level (5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCES<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
  • A. Sauvage, L. Bui, N. Monnereau, W. Cheung, T.\nTammen, \u00ab New concept using silicon carbide current limiter device for\nLightning surge protectiion of embedded Aircraft Equipments \u00bb EMC Europe, 2013<\/li>
  • ABD0100.1.2 issue G; Airbus Directives;\n\u201cEnvironmental Conditions and Tests Requirements Associated toQualification\u201d;\nChapter 3.2 \u201c Lightning\u201d; 2008<\/li>
  • DO-160E\/EUROCAE ED-14E; \u201cEnvironmental\nConditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment\u201d Section 22 \u201cLightning\nInduced Transients\u201d; 2005<\/li>
  • DO-160E\/EUROCAE ED-14E; \u201cEnvironmental\nConditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment\u201d Section 20 \u201cRadio\nFrequency Susceptibility (Radiated & Conducted)\u201d; 2005<\/li>
  • P. Ku, T. Tammen, C. Ghfiri, A. Sauvage;  \u201cEnhacing the lightning surge protection\nlevel and operating current capacity of the SiC Surge Blocking Module\u201d ICOLSE,\n2019<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    INTEGRATION OF A NEW LIGHTNING SURGE PROTECTION BASED ON SILICON CARBIDE CURRENT LIMITER IN AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT ABSTRACT This document describes the surge blocking module, a new lightning component based on SiC material for current limitation. This component is dedicated for high power lightning threats. The…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15256,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSBM - New lightning protection - Mr.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lightning Indirect Effect, Surge Blocking Module, Current limiter, Aircraft Equipment\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SBM - New lightning protection - Mr.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lightning Indirect Effect, Surge Blocking Module, Current limiter, Aircraft Equipment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/index.php\/2020\/06\/09\/sbm-new-lightning-protection\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mr.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-09T07:29:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-06-12T07:45:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/avion-foudroyay.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"425\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"238\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ELEXIS\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ELEXIS\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/logo-elexis-bd.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/logo-elexis-bd.png\",\"width\":\"141\",\"height\":\"40\",\"caption\":\"ELEXIS\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/\",\"name\":\"Elexis\",\"description\":\"Concepteur et distributeur de solutions\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/index.php\/2020\/06\/09\/sbm-new-lightning-protection\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/elexis.fr\/~admin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/avion-foudroyay.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/elexis.fr\/~admin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/avion-foudroyay.jpg\",\"width\":425,\"height\":238},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/index.php\/2020\/06\/09\/sbm-new-lightning-protection\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.elexis.fr\/index.php\/2020\/06\/09\/sbm-new-lightning-protection\/\",\"name\":\"SBM - 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